When requesting interface binary file, which consists of a number of useful data such as pressure/friction_energy, etc that can be contour plotted, LS-DYNA by default outputs these variables for ALL segments included in the SINGLE SURFACE contact. Visualizing the output can be tedious since it involves recursive blanking to expose the inner regions of interest…

While converting true-stress vs true-strain curve into effective stress vs effective plastic strain, the removal of elastic strains can be based on a constant or varying strain value. For relatively small hardening, both methods should yield identical plastic strains but significant hardening, using an instantaneous elastic strain as opposed to a constant elastic strain is…